Hunnu's the first creators of the Mongolian State founded a powerful empire in the fourth century BC to become immortal in the history of Central Asia. The majority of Hunnu lived in Ordos near the southern border of Mongolia. In the third century BC, these aimags united, subjugating a great number of neighboring aimags. It is considered that the first Mongolian State was established when Maodun declared himself Shanyui and ruled the state between 209 and 176 BC. But the first Shanyui of Hunnu was Tumen father of Maodun. The Hunnu Empire of that period was a union of powerful aimags that came to acquire the features of a state. Shanyui divided Hunnu territory into three parts: Eastern, Western and Central.
He himself ruled the central part granting title and appointing governors for the western and eastern parts. He used the structure of tens in organization, which was later used during the Mongol Empire.
Twenty four powerful aimags were included in the structure of the Hunnu state, and the leaders (the of aimags ruled a cavalry of up to 10.000 soldiers. Hence their name: the rulers of 10.000 the 24 rulers of 10.000 appointed heads of cavalries comprising 1000, 100 and 10 soldiers. The border of Hunnu territory reached Lake Baikal in the north, the Great Wall or China in the south Tarvagatai ridge and some cities of Turkestan in the east and Korea in the west. The capital of the State- and Khan's Palace was settled in the basin of the Orkhon and Tuul rivers.
A number of Mongol Hamnigan and Tureg nationalities at various levels of social and economic development composed the structure of Hunnu. Socially Hunnu was a pre feudal, slave-owning state. Hunnus led a classically nomadic life of cattle breeding, agriculture and handicraft. The main animals were horse, cow, sheep and goat, and they also domesticated the wild camel, ass, donkey, antelope and horse to use them for transportation and trading. They grew wheat and millet.
Hunnus considered land necessary for the existence of the state. In the year 192 BC the Emperor of Han State sent a Treaty note to Laoshan Shanyui of Hunnu in which he stated that. "Han and Hunnu are equally powerful neighboring States... Nomadic subjects armed with bow and arrow living In the northern side of the Great Wall should obey Shanyui law but those who are wearing Tushmed's belt and hat dwelling in the southern part of the Great Wall. Should obey my rule."
The Hunnus had a military society, and while waging the war soldiers took their wives, children and households with them. Thus the simple administrative structure of peacetime turned into the structure of an entire military state. They used bows, arrows and spears in war the soldiers were talented horsemen and skilled archers on horseback. But the Hunnu Empire was founded on the unstable base of a brittle union of aimags with different social levels and unfriendly relations with each other. So it couldn't last long and the dissident policy of its southern Han neighbor also played a big part. In 53 BC the Hunnu State split into two parts and the part ruled by Huhanie Shanyui fell under the subordination of the Han State that in the south Gobi north of the Great Wall. The other part ruled by Chjichjl Shanyui struggled on defending its independence but constantly harassed by the Han State. The majority of the Hunnus ultimately moved west to the Altai and eastern Turkestan, but a small number remained in their native land. Hunnus who left the country reached the Ural, Caspian and Black seas by the end of the fourth century BC. At the beginning of fifth century AD they invaded Mesopotamia and Asia Minor and finally passed through Central Europe. During the period of Atilla the Eastern Hunnu became very powerful and ruled a vast territory from the Don to the Danube, but after the death of Atilla the state scattered and disappeared. During the first century BC Asian Hunnus re-established their independent state by struggling against the Chinese Han State. At the beginning of fourth century AD they occupied some northern provinces of the Eastern Han State but soon they too disappeared.
The Hunnu was the first great empire of Central Asia composing a great number of aimags. Even though its epoch soon passed, later aimags and states inherited its socoi-economic and cultural achievements.
Twenty four powerful aimags were included in the structure of the Hunnu state, and the leaders (the of aimags ruled a cavalry of up to 10.000 soldiers. Hence their name: the rulers of 10.000 the 24 rulers of 10.000 appointed heads of cavalries comprising 1000, 100 and 10 soldiers. The border of Hunnu territory reached Lake Baikal in the north, the Great Wall or China in the south Tarvagatai ridge and some cities of Turkestan in the east and Korea in the west. The capital of the State- and Khan's Palace was settled in the basin of the Orkhon and Tuul rivers.
A number of Mongol Hamnigan and Tureg nationalities at various levels of social and economic development composed the structure of Hunnu. Socially Hunnu was a pre feudal, slave-owning state. Hunnus led a classically nomadic life of cattle breeding, agriculture and handicraft. The main animals were horse, cow, sheep and goat, and they also domesticated the wild camel, ass, donkey, antelope and horse to use them for transportation and trading. They grew wheat and millet.
Hunnus considered land necessary for the existence of the state. In the year 192 BC the Emperor of Han State sent a Treaty note to Laoshan Shanyui of Hunnu in which he stated that. "Han and Hunnu are equally powerful neighboring States... Nomadic subjects armed with bow and arrow living In the northern side of the Great Wall should obey Shanyui law but those who are wearing Tushmed's belt and hat dwelling in the southern part of the Great Wall. Should obey my rule."
The Hunnus had a military society, and while waging the war soldiers took their wives, children and households with them. Thus the simple administrative structure of peacetime turned into the structure of an entire military state. They used bows, arrows and spears in war the soldiers were talented horsemen and skilled archers on horseback. But the Hunnu Empire was founded on the unstable base of a brittle union of aimags with different social levels and unfriendly relations with each other. So it couldn't last long and the dissident policy of its southern Han neighbor also played a big part. In 53 BC the Hunnu State split into two parts and the part ruled by Huhanie Shanyui fell under the subordination of the Han State that in the south Gobi north of the Great Wall. The other part ruled by Chjichjl Shanyui struggled on defending its independence but constantly harassed by the Han State. The majority of the Hunnus ultimately moved west to the Altai and eastern Turkestan, but a small number remained in their native land. Hunnus who left the country reached the Ural, Caspian and Black seas by the end of the fourth century BC. At the beginning of fifth century AD they invaded Mesopotamia and Asia Minor and finally passed through Central Europe. During the period of Atilla the Eastern Hunnu became very powerful and ruled a vast territory from the Don to the Danube, but after the death of Atilla the state scattered and disappeared. During the first century BC Asian Hunnus re-established their independent state by struggling against the Chinese Han State. At the beginning of fourth century AD they occupied some northern provinces of the Eastern Han State but soon they too disappeared.
The Hunnu was the first great empire of Central Asia composing a great number of aimags. Even though its epoch soon passed, later aimags and states inherited its socoi-economic and cultural achievements.
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